Problemas relacionados a medicamentos em idosos usuários de psicotrópicos: revisão integrativa de literatura / Problems related to drugs in elderly users of psychotropic drugs: an integrative literature review / Problemas relacionados a medicamentos en ancianos usuarios de psicotrópicos: revisión integrativa de literatura

Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), buscou identificar os principais problemas relacionados ao uso de psicotrópicos em idosos e propor soluções. Os principais problemas identificados foram reações adversas, risco de quedas e interações medicamentosas. Foram sugeridas três propostas para a redução de suas ocorrências: a adoção de um programa de prescrição eletrônica, a adoção de medidas educativas e/ou realização de acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico com estes pacientes.

An integrative review of the literature carried out in the "Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde" (BVS), sought to identify the main problems related to the use of psychotropic drugs in the elderly and propose solutions. The main problems identified were adverse reactions, risk of falls and drug interactions. Three proposals were suggested to reduce their occurrences: the adoption of an electronic prescription program, the adoption of educational measures and / or pharmacotherapeutic follow-up with these patients.

Revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en la "Biblioteca virtual em saúde" (BVS,) buscó identificar los principales problemas relacionados al uso de psicotrópicos en ancianos y proponer soluciones. Los principales problemas identificados fueron reacciones adversas, riesgo de caídas e interacciones medicamentosas. Se sugirieron tres propuestas para la reducción de sus ocurrencias: la adopción de un programa de prescripción electrónica, adopción de medidas educativas y / o realización de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico con estos pacientes.

Management of pharmaceutical services in the Brazilian primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: To identify limiting factors in the management of pharmaceutical services in the primary health care provided by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS: This study was based on the data from the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil (PNAUM - National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), and it was conducted by interviews with professionals responsible for pharmaceutical services in Brazilian cities, in 2015. To identify the management limiting factors, we considered the organizational, operational, and sustainability indicators of the management. For the analyses, we included the weights and structure of analysis plan for complex samples. The results were expressed by frequencies and measures of central tendency with 95% confidence interval, considering the Brazilian geographic regions. RESULTS: We identified the following limiting factors: lack of pharmaceutical services in the Municipal Health Secretariat organization chart (24%) and in the health plan (18%); lack of participation of managers in the Health Board and the absence of reference to this topic in the agenda of meetings (58.4%); lack of financial autonomy (61.5%) and lack of knowledge on the available values (81.7%); lack of adoption of operational procedures (about 50%) for selection, scheduling, and acquisition; and the fact that most professionals evaluate the organization of pharmaceutical services as good and great (58.8%), despite the worrisome indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmaceutical services management is currently supported by a legal and political framework that should guide and contribute to improve the pharmaceutical services in the Brazilian Unified Health System primary health care. However, there is a mismatch between the goals established by these guidelines and what is actually happening.

Characterization of the selection of medicines for the Brazilian primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the process of selection of medicines for primary health care in the Brazilian regions. METHODS: This article is part of the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos - Serviços, 2015 (PNAUM - National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines - Services, 2015), a cross-sectional study that consisted of an information gathering in a sample of cities in the five regions of Brazil. The data used were collected by interviews with those responsible for pharmaceutical services (PS) (n = 506), professionals responsible for the dispensing of medicines (n = 1,139), and physicians (n = 1,558). To evaluate the difference between ratios, we adopted the Chi-square test for complex samples. The differences between the averages were analyzed in generalized linear models with F-test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The analyses considered significant had p≤0.05. RESULTS: The professionals responsible for pharmaceutical services reported non-existence of a formally constituted Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PTC) (12.5%). They claimed to have an updated (80.4%) list of Essential Medicines (85.3%) and being active participants of this process (88.2%). However, in the perception of respondents, the list only partially (70.1%) meets the health demands. Of the interviewed professionals responsible for the dispensing of medicines, only 16.6% were pharmacists; even so, 47.8% reported to know the procedures to change the list. From the perspective of most of these professionals (70.9%), the list meets the health demands of the city. Among physicians, only 27.2% reported to know the procedures to change the list, but 76.5% would have some claim to change it. Most of them reported to base their claims in clinical experiences (80.0%). For 13.0% of them, the list meets the health demands. CONCLUSIONS: As this is the first national survey of characterization of the process of selection of medicines within primary health care, it brings unpublished data for the assessment of policies related to medicines in Brazil.

Characterization of the selection of medicines for the Brazilian primary health care / Caracterização da seleção de medicamentos para a atenção primária no Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To characterize the process of selection of medicines for primary health care in the Brazilian regions. METHODS This article is part of the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos - Serviços, 2015 (PNAUM - National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines - Services, 2015), a cross-sectional study that consisted of an information gathering in a sample of cities in the five regions of Brazil. The data used were collected by interviews with those responsible for pharmaceutical services (PS) (n = 506), professionals responsible for the dispensing of medicines (n = 1,139), and physicians (n = 1,558). To evaluate the difference between ratios, we adopted the Chi-square test for complex samples. The differences between the averages were analyzed in generalized linear models with F-test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The analyses considered significant had p≤0.05. RESULTS The professionals responsible for pharmaceutical services reported non-existence of a formally constituted Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PTC) (12.5%). They claimed to have an updated (80.4%) list of Essential Medicines (85.3%) and being active participants of this process (88.2%). However, in the perception of respondents, the list only partially (70.1%) meets the health demands. Of the interviewed professionals responsible for the dispensing of medicines, only 16.6% were pharmacists; even so, 47.8% reported to know the procedures to change the list. From the perspective of most of these professionals (70.9%), the list meets the health demands of the city. Among physicians, only 27.2% reported to know the procedures to change the list, but 76.5% would have some claim to change it. Most of them reported to base their claims in clinical experiences (80.0%). For 13.0% of them, the list meets the health demands. CONCLUSIONS As this is the first national survey of characterization of the process of selection of medicines within primary health care, it brings unpublished data for the assessment of policies related to medicines in Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Caracterizar o processo de seleção de medicamentos na atenção primária à saúde, nas regiões brasileiras. MÉTODOS Artigo integrante da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos - Serviços 2015, um estudo transversal que envolveu o levantamento de informações numa amostra de municípios das cinco regiões do Brasil. Os dados utilizados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com os responsáveis pela assistência farmacêutica (n = 506), profissionais que realizam a dispensação de medicamentos (n = 1.139) e médicos (n = 1.558). Para avaliar a diferença entre as proporções foi adotado o teste do qui-quadrado para amostras complexas. As diferenças entre as médias foram analisadas em modelos lineares generalizados, com teste F com correção de Bonferroni para comparações múltiplas. Foram significativas as análises com valores de p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS Os responsáveis da assistência farmacêutica relataram não haver Comissão de Farmácia e Terapêutica formalmente constituída (12,5%). Eles afirmaram possuir uma Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais (85,3%) atualizada (80,4%), e serem participantes deste processo (88,2%). Contudo, na percepção dos entrevistados a Lista atende apenas parcialmente (70,1%) as demandas de saúde. Dos profissionais que realizam a dispensação de medicamentos entrevistados, apenas 16,6% eram farmacêuticos, mesmo assim, 47,8% referiram conhecer os procedimentos para mudança da lista. Na perspectiva da maior parte desses profissionais (70,9%), a lista atende as demandas de saúde do município. Dentre os médicos apenas 27,2% declararam ter conhecimento dos procedimentos para mudança da lista, mas 76,5% teriam alguma reivindicação de alteração. A maior parte reporta que baseia suas reivindicações em experiências clínicas (80,0%); para 13,0% deles, a lista atende às demandas de saúde. CONCLUSÕES Por tratar-se da primeira pesquisa nacional de caracterização do processo de seleção de medicamentos no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde, traz dados inéditos para a avaliação das políticas relacionadas com medicamentos no Brasil.

Management of pharmaceutical services in the Brazilian primary health care / Gestão da assistência farmacêutica na atenção primária no Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify limiting factors in the management of pharmaceutical services in the primary health care provided by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS This study was based on the data from the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil (PNAUM - National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), and it was conducted by interviews with professionals responsible for pharmaceutical services in Brazilian cities, in 2015. To identify the management limiting factors, we considered the organizational, operational, and sustainability indicators of the management. For the analyses, we included the weights and structure of analysis plan for complex samples. The results were expressed by frequencies and measures of central tendency with 95% confidence interval, considering the Brazilian geographic regions. RESULTS We identified the following limiting factors: lack of pharmaceutical services in the Municipal Health Secretariat organization chart (24%) and in the health plan (18%); lack of participation of managers in the Health Board and the absence of reference to this topic in the agenda of meetings (58.4%); lack of financial autonomy (61.5%) and lack of knowledge on the available values (81.7%); lack of adoption of operational procedures (about 50%) for selection, scheduling, and acquisition; and the fact that most professionals evaluate the organization of pharmaceutical services as good and great (58.8%), despite the worrisome indicators. CONCLUSIONS Pharmaceutical services management is currently supported by a legal and political framework that should guide and contribute to improve the pharmaceutical services in the Brazilian Unified Health System primary health care. However, there is a mismatch between the goals established by these guidelines and what is actually happening.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar fatores condicionantes da gestão da assistência farmacêutica na atenção primária no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde. MÉTODOS Estudo com dados obtidos da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil (PNAUM) - Serviços, realizada por meio de entrevistas com responsáveis pela assistência farmacêutica em municípios, em 2015. Para identificar os fatores condicionantes da gestão foram considerados indicadores organizacionais, operacionais e de sustentabilidade da gestão. Para as análises consideraram-se os pesos amostrais e a estrutura do plano de análise para amostras complexas. Os resultados foram expressos por meio de frequências e medidas de tendência central com intervalo de confiança de 95%, por regiões geográficas do Brasil. RESULTADOS Foram identificados os fatores condicionantes: a ausência da assistência farmacêutica no organograma da secretaria (24%) e no plano de saúde (18%), a não participação dos gestores no conselho de saúde e a não referência desse tema na pauta das reuniões (58,4%), falta de autonomia financeira (61,5%) e conhecimento dos valores disponíveis (81,7%), falta de adoção de procedimentos operacionais em cerca de 50% para seleção, programação e aquisição e o fato da maioria avaliar a organização da assistência farmacêutica como boa e ótima (58,8%), apesar dos indicadores preocupantes apontados. CONCLUSÕES A gestão da assistência farmacêutica encontra-se respaldada em um arcabouço legal e político, que deveria nortear e contribuir para melhoria da assistência farmacêutica na atenção primária no Sistema Único de Saúde. No entanto, há um descompasso entre os objetivos fixados por essas normativas e o que se observa na realidade.